Heart Of Darkness, By Joseph Conrad - 1306 Words

What is the â€Å"horror† in Heart of Darkness, and what particular literary images develop that idea of horror in the novel? In Joseph Conrad’s, Heart of Darkness, there can be many literary images found within that develop the idea of horror. Heart of Darkness is noted for its horror within the Congo between the Africans and the Europeans. The horror in Heart of Darkness is a contribution of many ideas that are formed and contributed from the European colonists. The purpose of this essay aims to argue that the horror in and of the novella, Heart of Darkness is from literary images that correlate within the ideas of racism, colonization, and imperialism. Racism is a horror within itself. The racism portrayed in the Congo shows the association of horror and the Dark Continent. The racism in the novella goes to an extent of referring to the Africans as being dehumanized. As Europeans refer to the African’s mainly as savages, there are many other horrific names throughout Heart of Darkness that these African’s can be associated with, such as, â€Å"niggers† (Conrad 86), and â€Å"black shadows of disease and starvation† (Conrad 84). They were also represented as, â€Å"a lot of people, mostly black and naked, moved about like ants† (Conrad 82), â€Å"savage discords† (Conrad 112) and when talked about, referred as, â€Å"a nigger being beaten nearby† (Conrad 93). â€Å"I could see every rib, the joints of their limbs we like knots in a rope; each had an iron collar on his neck, and all were connected togetherShow MoreRelatedHeart Of Darkness By Joseph Conrad1471 Words   |  6 PagesIn the story Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad a sailor decides to travel to Africa on a whim, using family connections he enlists as the captain of a ship travelling up the Congo River. The novella provides many themes, however is the text in itself racist? One of the main concepts portrayed in Heart of Darkness is the treatment of the natives of Africa and their image. This is most commonly shown through the disparity of the image between what is said in the novel and what can be read throughRead MoreHeart Of Darkness By Joseph Conrad Essay1371 Words   |  6 Pagesevery human and everything created by humans has two sides to it: the form and the substance. Joseph Conrad’s novella â€Å"Heart of Darkness† shows precisely how dangerous it is to put our trust in a concept, for example: colonization, without realizing that most of the time one only gets to see the form and not the substance. In this essay, my purpose is to demonstrate that â€Å"Heart of Darkness† by Joseph Conrad is mainly a novella about the discrepancy between substance and form. In order to prove my pointRead MoreHeart Of Darkness By Joseph Conrad1378 Words   |  6 PagesWoytassek AP English 12 Heart of Darkness Reading Log Author: Joseph Conrad Title: Heart of Darkness Original Publication Date: 1899 Kind of Writing: Heart of Darkness is a colonial novella of an expository narrative. Writer’s Purpose and Intended Audience Joseph Conrad wrote Heart of Darkness because he wanted to expose human temptation to experiment with darkness when one’s own desires overcome one’s morals. By writing from his own experience of exploring the Congo, Conrad draws conclusions thatRead MoreThe Heart Of Darkness By Joseph Conrad983 Words   |  4 PagesThe Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad is a story that takes place in the early 1890s and presents us with an odyssey of a traveler known as Marlow who confronts the dangers of the Congo jungle while also witnessing the wicked, inhumane treatment of the African natives. In the story, Marlow represents Joseph Conrad who had actually traveled up the Congo in 1890 and witnessed the European exploitation of the African natives firsthand. In the Heart of Darkness, Joseph Conrad exposes the inhumanityRead MoreHeart Of Darkness By Joseph Conrad1350 Words   |  6 Pagesyears, Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad was a treasured classic, with many honourable themes and messages, as the author reveals the true nature of humanity by following an European sailor’s journey through the dark jungles of Africa and down the river Congo, all while watching as his own humanity changes. As society has evolved, however, Heart of Darkness has come under scrutiny, as the language is quite racist. Chinua Achebe, writer of An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrad’s Heart of DarknessRead MoreHeart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad1329 Words   |  5 Pages Heart of Darkness is a novel written by Joseph Conrad. The setting of the book is in Belgian Congo, which was the most infamous European colony in Africa. This is a story about the protagonist Marlow’s journey to self discovery, and his experiences in Congo. Conrad’s story explores the colonialism period in Africa to demonstrate Marlow’s struggles. Along the way, he faces insanity, death, his fear of failure, and cultural contamination as he makes his was to the inner station. Conrad through theRead MoreThe Heart Of Darkness By Joseph Conrad968 Words   |  4 PagesJoseph Conrad’s novella The Heart of Darkness has been under controversy because of racial interpretations. The race factor in this novel has made some scholars and professors question the function the novella has in the classroom. However, Joseph Conrad had another view when writing the novel; to demonstrate how prejudice and dehumanizing the European culture is towards African Americans and their culture during this time period. European’s superior authority over African Americans is portrayedRead MoreHeart Of Darkness By Joseph Conrad1076 Words   |  5 PagesWritten in the late 1800’s, Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness is a novella about one man’s travel into the Congo Free State by way of the Congo River. The title â€Å"Heart of Darkness† actually holds two different meanings. Heart of Darkness is both a metaphor for a psychological â€Å"dark side† of man, and an allusion to Africa. The title suggests both a physical and mental reference. During the time the novel takes place, Africa was nick-named the dark continent because of how little the Europeans knewRead MoreHeart Of Darkness By Joseph Conrad Essay1483 Words   |  6 PagesJoseph Conrad, author of Heart of Darkness, intriguingly uses an unnamed narrator in his novel that clearly becomes of importance right away in the introduction. Conrad’s narrator chooses to speak of the historical period in which Roman colonization took over what we now know as Great Britain. By connecting a Roman colonization story to one almost 2000 years later talking about the Belgians in Africa, Conrad reveals one of his own themes in the novel. He proposes that the Romans and Belgians Read MoreHeart Of Darkness By Joseph Conrad1149 Words   |  5 PagesIn his provocative novella Heart of Darkness, author Joseph Conrad sheds light on the primal nature in all men, casting a shadow—a darkness that is the result of being freed of societies norms. An in-depth analysis of Jo seph Conrad and the work shows how well he is able to combine story elements to make an engaging read. Conrad is able to do this through his characters, such as protagonist Marlow, whose experiences through his journey shows him vividly, the violence and brutality even the gentlest

Alcoholics Anonymous Support Group (Aa) Free Essays

Alcoholics Anonymous Support Group (AA) Location: Wesley Church on Barstow The support group I attended was on October 19th, 2012 at 12pm at Wesley Church located on Barstow Avenue. It was in the Winterburg Education Building in room 3. A gentleman by the name of Andy was leading the group. We will write a custom essay sample on Alcoholics Anonymous Support Group (Aa) or any similar topic only for you Order Now He first said a prayer and then asked if there were any new members. There were none so he asked if there were visitors. I introduced myself and said I was a Fresno State nursing student. He then said today they were going to talk about Step 12, which was about service. Service was about introducing AA to people that could benefit from the program. Before you were expected to complete step 12, they wanted you to complete steps 1-11 first. The first person that spoke about his past was the leader, Andy. He shared with everyone that he had had three divorces and at one point his children didn’t talk to him. Alcoholism destroyed his life in his early years. He’s now twenty years sober. His last wife never came back to him but his children have since come back into his life. He leads AA meetings now because he expressed how AA helped him get his life back into order. Next to speak was a gentleman by the name of Rich. He was 257 days sober. He said that he is nowhere near step 12 but was hoping down the road he will make it there. He talked about having depression, diabetes type 2 and alcoholism. Alcoholism runs in his family. A year ago he almost died from diabetic ketoacidosis. That’s when he decided to turn his life around. He felt that he was given a second chance at life and wanted to do positive things. He said that drinking doesn’t produce anything positive and he wanted to make the most of the rest of his life. A lady by the name of Carmen spoke next. She was three months sober. She talked about how her brother doesn’t believe this will be long term. She always falls back into drinking. Carmen wants to prove to not only her brother, but herself, that she will remain sober for the rest of her life. She said that this time different because she has recruited God’s strength and that will help her get through it. The other two people at the meeting declined to speak. They said they just wanted to listen. During the rest of the meeting, Andy spoke more about Step 12 and how to get to that step. Next was another prayer while everyone joined hands. The meeting ended at 1:10pm. I observed the following Yalom’s Curative Factors during the AA meeting: 1. Instillation of Hope – faith that the treatment mode can and will be effective. All the members felt that with God’s strength they can overcome the impossible. 2. Universality – demonstration that we are not alone in our misery or our â€Å"problems†. By attending the AA meetings, the members knew that they were not alone and there are others struggling with the same issue. 3. Imparting of information – didactic instruction about mental health, mental illness, psychodynamics or whatever else might be the focal problem of the group. Ex. OCOA, Alanon; learning about the disease process itself). It’s important for members to get facts about their condition through formal teaching. 4. Altruism – opportunity to rise out of oneself and help somebody else; the feeling of usefulness. Altruism was discussed in Step 12. 5. Corrective recapitulation of primary family group – experiencing transference relationships growing out of primary family experiences providing the opportunity to relearn and clarify distortions. Members learned that they could resolve issues from the past with their family members that stemmed from alcoholism. . Development of socializing techniques – social learning or development of interpersonal skills. When the AA members shared their experiences and received feedback from them they were developing new social skills. 7. Imitative behavior – taking on the manner of group members who function more adequately. The members learned from Andy’s experience who has recovered. 8. Catharsis – opportunity for expression of strong affect. The AA members felt safe during the meeting to talk about their innermost feelings. 9. Existential factors – recognition of the basic features of existence through sharing with others (e. g. ultimate aloneness, ultimate death, ultimate responsibility for our own actions). The AA group helped the individuals take some direction in their life. 10. Group Cohesiveness: The members of the AA group felt like they can accomplish anything together as a team. 11. Interpersonal learning – receiving feedback from others and experimenting with new ways of relating. The AA members gained insight regarding how one perceives and is being perceived by others. How to cite Alcoholics Anonymous Support Group (Aa), Papers

WIT Film Analysis on Effective Communication-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the WIT Film on Effective Communication. Answer: WIT Film Analysis on Effective Communication Effective communication is an important aspect for establishing therapeutic relationships. Effective communication enables nurses to provide ethical, safe, quality, and person-centered nursing care (Farrington and Townsend, 2014). Effective communication refers to a verbal or nonverbal methods that relay information in a clear and simple term (Matusitz and Spear, 2014). Communication is essential to nursing as nurses are used as communication hub and relay or interpret information between family members, physicians, caregivers and the patients (Jolles, Clark and Braam, 2012). The following essay discusses effective and ineffective communication when providing nursing care as watched from a WIT Movie 2001 directed by Mike Nichols. The essay will also contain my reflection on knowledge or skills gaps and a plan for improving communication effectiveness when providing nursing care. The WIT Movie was shot in a hospital setting where the main character Vivian Bearing is diagnosed with Stage (IV) Ovaries Cancer. The patient is convinced by Harvey Kelekian to agree and undertake an experimental eight months treatment that was to help contribute knowledge towards cancer treatment. Harvey Kelekian is a prominent physician and leads a team of researchers who include a former Vivians student Jason Posner and a primary nurse Susie Monahan (WIT, 2001). The physicians are involved in several ineffective communications that are insensitive and amuses the patient causing more pain that the real illness. The phrase how are you feeling today? is frequently as a form of greetings or inquiring her condition. Vivian narrates how she was asked how she was feeling today after a four hours operation. She remembers how she used to be asked the same question while growing up and contrasts with the current situation. Vivian remarks that when she dies she will not be able to hear the q uestion. For instance, Doctor Posner together with other researchers asks Vivian what she was feeling today and she replies she was fine. Doctor Posner then leads the physicians on experimental briefing. Vivian feels that after teaching she was used to a specimen to learn and contribute to existing knowledge. In another account, Jason Posner in an isolation room after taking an assessment asks Vivian how she was feeling on that day. Vivian replied that she was fine and was just taking sometime from the chills. Vivian thereafter expresses her feelings and attitudes towards her condition in isolation room when the Doctor leaves the room. Jason Posner also asks Vivian how she was feeling that day after she had several treatments and now she was back to her room. Vivian has expressed distress about the series of treatments that she had undergone before doctor Posner assessment. The phrase how you are feeling today? has an automatic spontaneous response fine (Ha and Longnecker, 2010). Th e other party is obliged to answer in a certain way not to disappoint. This applies to patients too as they are obliged to give a positive response despite their ill condition not to disappoint (Bramhall, 2014). The phrase said to patients also becomes more of a greeting rather than an inquiry. This leads to the patients responding with a short answer or in an expected manner that does not reveal the patients emotions, attitudes, or feelings. The physicians are thereby not able to get an inquiry because the phrase does not encourage patients to give a detailed feedback. On the other side, the movie contains effective communication scenery. Nurse Susie shows good therapeutic relationship and communicates effectively with Vivian. Susie answers Vivian call early in the morning where they engage in a conversation. Susie starts the conversation with Vivian by inquiring if there is a problem since she was awake at 4am. Susie combines tone and body language to communicate with Vivian. The nurse tries to find out why the patient doesnt sleep. Vivian explains that she is not able to sleep as she kept on thinking. The nurse changes her body posture and looks directly to the patient. Vivian expresses her doubts and that she was scared. Vivian becomes emotional and Susie responds by a body contact and showing care to the patient. The nurse also provides Vivian with popsicles and sits alongside her. The nurse and Vivian engaged in an honest discussion was targeted to providing the patient with knowledge (Ha and Longnecker, 2010). A nurse offering a touch is a po werful means of communicating with a patient. Touching a patients hands conveys that the nurse is concerned and shows empathy (Shannon, 2012). Maintaining eye contact with patient expresses confidence that offer encouragement to their condition (Garrett, 2016). The body posture is also an important part of effective communication. It helps a nurse communicate better by showing relation that reduces anxiety to patients. Therefore, Susie was effective in communicating with Vivian by finding a balance between empathy and honest discussion. Reflection The WIT Movie has several scenes that are educative to health professionals or students learning to practice the profession. I have learnt about effective therapeutic and professional communication that has enabled me to indentify the knowledge and skills gaps that can impact my capacity for effective communication when practicing nursing. First, I have learnt that nonverbal language is an important tool to effective communication. Nurses should combine verbal and nonverbal communication to enhance the effectiveness of communication in health centers. Nonverbal communication to be used includes eye contact, body posture, and touch. Nonverbal communication enhances the delivery of the information by establishing confidence, trust, and empathy. Secondly, I have learnt that some phrases are inappropriate when establishing a therapeutic relationship. For instance, using the phrase how are you feeling today? frequently is mechanical and patients are obliged to answer fine accompanied by a short or no comment. The phrase does not allow patients to express themselves as expected in an assessment session. The phrase is also taken as greetings and therefore cannot be used to inquire information from a patient. Thirdly, I have learnt that effective professional and therapeutic communication require a humanistic approach. A humanistic approach enables nurses to take a holistic approach of care to a patient that foster emotional and mental health in addition to the physical illness. This can be enhanced by finding a balance between professional practice and research to avoid undermining the patients interests. I have also learnt on the need for using simple vocabularies and providing information for effective communication. Use of medical jargons is a barrier to effective communication as patient is not able to understanding their conditions. Nurses should therefore communicate in simplest language that patients can understand and make decisions about their health. Providi ng patient with information empowers the patient to make decisions. Therefore, effective therapeutic and professional communication is essential for providing quality and safe nursing care. From the film, I noticed a knowledge gap and skills in establishing effective professional communication and therapeutic relationships. I noticed that I lack alternative phrases that I can use to inquire information from a patient. The how are you feeling today? phrase is common but inappropriate in establishing therapeutic relationship with patients. The phrase has a spontaneous answer and cannot be used for professional inquiry. Secondly, I have noticed that I did not pay attention to my nonverbal communication. I have a weakness when it comes to aligning my verbal communication with body language. The body language is important in delivering effective communication to a patient and therefore an important that I should addressed before I start practicing nursing. The plan to improve my knowledge and skills gap will involve learning new things that are essential for effective communication. First, I will research on alternative phrases that can be used to inquire information from a patient. This will involve reviewing past research work on effective communication for inquiring patient information. This will increase my opening conversation phrases that are appropriate and effective for therapeutic and professional communication. The plan to improve my body language will involve learning by practice. I will learn how to align my verbal communication with facial expressions, touch, eye contact, and body posture. This will increase the effectiveness of my communication when establishing therapeutic relationship as a health care professional. In conclusion, patients health care delivery is impacted by the effectiveness of the health care provider communication skills. Therapeutic and professional communication is important to delivering a safe and quality health care. Health care professionals should be careful when choosing words as opening statement or when inquiring information from patients. They should use nonverbal communication to compliment their verbal communication. Health professionals should also take a humanistic approach when providing health care to hospitalized patients. This will enable physicians to balance between research and professional practice interests when handling an experimental condition. Therefore, it requires effective communication in establishing appropriate therapeutic relationships for safe and quality health care. References Bramhall, E. (2014) Effective communication skills in nursing practice, Nursing Standard, 29(14), pp. 5359. doi: 10.7748/ns.29.14.53.e9355. Farrington, N. and Townsend, K. (2014) Enhancing nurse-patient communication: a critical reflection, British Journal of Nursing, 23(14), pp. 771775. doi: 10.12968/bjon.2014.23.14.771. Garrett, J. H. (2016) Effective Perioperative Communication to Enhance Patient Care, AORN Journal, 104(2), pp. 111120. doi: 10.1016/j.aorn.2016.06.001. Ha, J. F. and Longnecker, N. (2010) Doctor-patient communication: a review., The Ochsner Journal, 10(1), pp. 3843. doi: 10.1043/toj-09-0040.1. Jolles, E. P., Clark, A. M. and Braam, B. (2012) Getting the message across: Opportunities and obstacles in effective communication in hypertension care, Journal of Hypertension, pp. 15001510. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0b013e32835476e1. Matusitz, J. and Spear, J. (2014) Effective doctor-patient communication: An updated examination, Social Work in Public Health, 29(3), pp. 252266. doi: 10.1080/19371918.2013.776416

Midsummer Nights Dream essay Essays - Demetrius, Hermia, Helena

Throughout the play A Midsummer Night's Dream, Shakespeare uses both fate and free will to present his philosophy towards the nature of love. The characters struggle through confusion and conflicts to be with the one they love. Although the course of their love did not go well, love ultimately triumphs over all at the end of the play. The chaos reaches a climax causing great disruption among the lovers. However, the turmoil is eventually resolved by Puck, who fixes his mistake. The confusion then ends and the lovers are with their true love. Throughout the play Shakespeare's philosophy was displayed in various scenes, and his concept still holds true in modern society. Fate plays an exceptional part in the play. An example of fate throughout the play would be the love potion that the fairies use on the characters. Puck, otherwise known as Robin Goodfellow, was commanded by Oberon to put the love potion in the Athenian lovers'eyes. First, Oberon tells Puck to put the potion in Demetrius's eyes. He tells Puck that he will know who Demetrius is by the "Athenian garments" he wore. Puck obeys Oberon and goes off in search of Demetrius. Puck then stumbles upon Lysander. Mistaking that Lysander was Demetrius, Puck puts the love juice in Lysander's eyes instead. This is when all the chaos starts to occur. When Lysander awakes, the first person that he sees is Helena, causing him to fall deeply in love with her. Lysander then says to Helena, "Content with Hermia? No! I do repent/ The tedious minutes I with her have spent." (2.2.117-18) Fate cannot be foretold and the effect it has cannot actually be controlled. Although Lysander did not truly love Helena, the love potion had an effect on him, thus making him fall passionately in love with Helena. Because of Puck, true love that Hermia and Lysander shared was turned, and not a false turned true. Puck replies that those are the rules of fate. In a way, it was fate that the...

Truth is bitter but better Essay Essay Example

Truth is bitter but better Essay Essay Example Truth is bitter but better Essay Essay Truth is bitter but better Essay Essay Truth is the lone arm which can do a individual win a conflict. It is a pen that can compose anything without anyone’s panic ; it is a game in which who follows its one aureate regulation can neer lose it ; it is a tree that neer loses its foliages ; it is a river that can non acquire foul and dry in any season. Overall it can make heaven or else if non followed decently can destroy the whole universe. It is said that to conceal one prevarication we have to talk hundred more prevarications and that’s true. A prevarication spoken deliberately means we need to talk several more prevarications to cover up that prevarication. And so besides the truth comes out itself automatically. Everything has two sides. positive every bit good as negative. A coin has positive side of victory and negative side of catastrophe besides. If a individual wins so he may besides lose someday. If felicity is at that place so unhappiness is obvious. If a tree bear leaves so it besides shed them. If one can stand so one can besides fall. Taken as a whole. one can acquire to confront anything in this whole universe. Gandhiji said: ‘Lying is the female parent of force. ’ And it is true. In our day-to-day life. as an case. we meet our relations and if they hide anything from us by stating anything which is non true and later we come to cognize so we turn violent and more aggressive. It leads to disrespect to the individual. Truth was the lone female parent. male parent. boy. girl of the most widely known leader of the world- Gandhiji. He believed in truthfulness and he promoted its rule. And besides it was obvious that for this individual ground he was known worldwide. With this extraordinary arm. he threw out the brutal and flagitious Britons out of our state. He believed in the rule of Satyagraha which proved to be the most influential and imperative motion of the period. Gandhiji said: ‘I have nil new to learn the universe. ’ Truth and non- force are every bit old as the hills. ’ And this is true as truth and prevarication are non the new constructs that the universe has. It is every bit old as even more so hills and mountains. No 1 can learn the universe the art of talking truth and asset of the prevarications. They come out from within our bosom. Harmonizing to me. Nelson Mandela can besides set about as a individual who followed truth and won the whole universe the monetary value of peace. equality and unity. He being a ‘black’ became the president of ANC ( African National Congress ) and besides he won the Nobel Prize for his greatest accomplishment. He promoted equality among all the people on his rule that everyone is equal in the eyes of God. He was true in his lineation as everyone is equal and equality in itself is besides a truth. Besides an illustration from our day-to-day life. we are going more scientific these yearss but there are many people who still believe in supersti tious notions. There are many deceptive people who in the name of God hypnotize people in such a manner that neither anyone comes to cognize about such thing nor the hypnotized is able to state. But this is a acrimonious truth that those who follow anyone blindly have to confront jobs later in life. Even the individual making such illegal and otiose Acts of the Apostless are ever caught and they can’t make sap of people for long. A recent illustration is of the individual who was called as guruji in Punjab- Sarasa. He was popularly known all around the universe. He had separated salokas which had really less poetries praising God and more of praising himself. But the job was that whatever he was making was incorrect. whatever he was stating was lie. whatever acts he was perpetrating were illegal! And surprisingly a member from his ain crew told the media that something was incorrect traveling on at his topographic point. Shockingly he used non to let any of his adherent to speak to anyone because if they would make so so by opportunity if anyone else would hear it. so his Acts of the Apostless would be held bare in the universe and now this has happened. his popularity is diminishing besides he is being disliked by the people now. This has non been the instance in the present universe but besides during satyug ( harmonizing to Hindu mythology ) when Lord Rama were bing. He killed Ravana and placed truth over immorality. He was barbarous and so he did non win this conflict of truth and evilness in malice of being so knowing. This shows that truth wins and lies or evil faces catastrophe and fails. But this is a fact that this yug is kalyug and in this yug is lies or evilness is given the same importance as it is given to truth. They are considered one and the same. For illustration in the instance of Jessica Lal. it was first being kept aside and with false statements it was tried to reason. False statements and evil methods were adopted to sole this affair rapidly and softly. But unluckily this could non go on. Truth may be kept behind for old ages and old ages but one twenty-four hours itself it would come up and the prevaricator will hold to confront job for his error. At last I would wish to reason that whatever be the instance whether this or that we must non go forth the way of truthfulness as this is the lone manner that would take us to put which is every bit beautiful as Eden and the other manner would take us to a topographic point like snake pit. It depends on us which manner we opt. Finally by analysis of the history and of the present universe we come to cognize that we can non conceal truth for long and can non follow fakeness for long. Therefore. truths ever triumph! Satya Meva Jayati! As we say that ‘slow and steady wins the race’ we can state that ‘Truthful and honest wins the race. ’

Successful in Education doesn’t Equal Successful in Life

Successful in Education doesn’t Equal Successful in Life Does Being Successful in Education Equal Being Successful in Life? The answer is – NO. Of course, some professions require excellent studying for a good career, such as becoming a doctor or a scientist – the ones that require a profound knowledge of the particular subject. On the other hand, the majority of professions won’t guaranty that you will be successful in life and at work. Sometimes it needs something more outstanding than an ability to memorize and recite a paragraph. Examples of some great entrepreneurs and businessmen prove the idea. What is Success on the First Place Success is a very abstract concept. In order to identify whether you are a success, you have to identify what being successful means to you. Working in a grocery store for some people may be a dream job that brings happiness and the sense of realization of all the potential. For others it would be a total fail. As long as you decide on how your personal success should look like, you have the chances to achieve it. A’s and C’s Facing the Same Problems No matter whether you were an excellent student or not, all students have huge loans that need to be paid off. It is the reason why students grasp any job offer to get enough money to pay the debt. And it’s the same reason why students are more likely to keep to a highly paid job than to pursue their dream career. So, what the success would mean: getting enough money to pay the loan or to do what you have always dreamed of? Thinking Patterns Determining the Grades College system focuses on completing the homework and meeting the deadline more than on any other aspects of the learning process. The most successful students in studies are not always the smartest ones. They are disciplined ones. It is definitely a great feature that can come in hand in studies and work. Though, it is only a half of the way. Creativity is not something that is derived from a disciplined learning. The majority of creative students face the difficulties of finishing the project on time not because they are lazy or not intelligent enough: they may work differently and need more time for that. However, the result in the end can pleasantly surprise the teacher. Such students may not become surgeons or pharmacists but can become great businessmen and inventors. Â   Entrepreneurial Mindset – Not a College Subject Entrepreneurial mindset is something you need to develop by means of creativity, flexibility and ingenuity. Unfortunately, most of the colleges do not offer this knowledge to their students. Of course, we need some basic academic knowledge to be comprehensively developed and interesting to talk to. Thus, if you believe that success is a great bank account, an excellent diploma is not something you need to pursue to start out your own business.

Human Resource Report. Recruitment in In Clover Magazine Essay

Human Resource Report. Recruitment in In Clover Magazine - Essay Example Rosie is willing to make Professor Oliver Ruffle the editor of the future magazine. She proposes a set of HR policies and guidelines, which Oliver Ruffle refuses to follow. Ruffle is willing to achieve a compromise: he wants to chair the Executive Board and take all recruitment and selection decisions without reporting to the Executive Control Board. A compromise is possible: Professor Ruffle must become a member of the Executive Board and have voice in the most important recruitment and selection decisions. He must be obligated to comply with the policies and standards of fairness, non-discrimination, and diversity, to ensure that the recruitment and selection processes work for the benefit of the future magazine and its strategic objectives. HR professionals will be the main carriers of the selection and recruitment vision and mission in the magazine. Decision Rosie wants to work with Oliver Ruffle. She is convinced that his knowledge and professionalism will add rigor to magazine writers and editors’ efforts. In the meantime, Ruffle wants to chair the executive board and become solely responsible for all recruitment and selection decisions in the future magazine ... Simultaneously, he will have to work cooperatively with other Board members and ensure his compliance with the company policies and standards of workplace performance. Ruffle should not be given a leadership position in the future magazine, as long as he is not willing to operate in accordance with the ethical rules and principles proposed by Rosie. Ruffle has knowledge and experience needed to contribute to the development of relevant selection and recruitment strategies. One of the most essential aspects of the selection process is the creation of clear and comprehensive job specifications (Roberts 1997). This is the best way to find and have the right people in the right places. Ruffle is the one who knows what exactly employees, writers, and editors need to become members of the future magazine’s team. Ruffle can benefit the selection and recruitment process, by identifying the most important people qualities at all stages of the employment cycle (Roberts 1997). Ruffle doe s not seem to realise how much the organisation can suffer is the selection and recruitment process is poorly executed (Ingram, LaForge & Avila 2008). The costs of inefficient selection and recruitment are difficult to estimate (Ingram, LaForge & Avila 2008). High levels of turnover that inevitably follow poorly executed selection and recruitment add to the burden of operational costs and lead to the loss of business efficiency and customer relations (Ingram, LaForge & Avila 2008). Ruffle’s reluctance to comply with the proposed set of ethical policies and initiatives must be treated with caution. It is because Ruffle does not agree with the proposed policies that he should not be given a leadership position in the Executive Board. Moreover, all initiatives and

Basha Restaurant Business Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Basha Restaurant Business Plan - Assignment Example The restaurant meets the expectation of the customers by providing them valuable services by the restaurant staff. The manage constantly runs a check on the activities taking place in the restaurant which assures the customer that everything is in control and being evaluated constantly. The restaurant staff is trained to provide effective and efficient services to the customers. The cuisines are developed by authentic Arabic chefs and the recipes used are also authentic. This adds on to the credibility of the restaurant. The taste of the food is given special consideration as the owners of Basha want the food to be perfect in all regards for their valuable customers. The pricing and profitability strategy has been developed considering all the expenses and investments required to start up the business. Table of Contents Introduction 5 Objectives 5 Sales Objectives 5 Mission 6 Keys to Success 7 Company Summary 7 Company Ownership 7 Start-up Summary 7 Company Location and Facilities 9 Services 10 Competitive Comparison 10 Sales Literature 10 Market Analysis Summary 10 Target Market Segment Strategy 10 Marketing Programs 10 Pricing and Profitability Strategy 11 Cost of Goods Sold 13 References 17 Basha Restaurant Business Plan Introduction Basha is one of the distinctive restaurants in Dubai that offers authentic Arabic cuisines to its valuable customers.... The Basha restaurant in Dubai has its location at the terrace of Habtoor Grand Resort and Spa from where the view of Dubai is outstanding (Al Basha in the Habtoor Grand Beach Resort and Spa, Dubai Marina Mall, Dubai – Restaurant Reviews—TimeOutDubai.com, 2012). The paper discusses the business plan according to a standard format of a business plan (Floor, 2003) Objectives The objectives of Basha Arabic Restaurant in Dubai are as follows: To provide authentic Arabic Cuisine To increase the market share in Dubai amongst other Arabic Restaurants To provide a soothing ambience to the customers of the restaurant To increase profits by 25% in the year 2013 Sales Objectives To increase sales by 15 % in the year 2013 that is reach a amount of AED 140,000 Mission The mission of Basha Arabic restaurant is to provide authentic Arabic cuisines to the customers of Dubai so that they can get a feel about the Arabic cuisines. The customers should enjoy dine out at Basha and the ambien ce of the restaurant should be such that the customers should feel they are dining out in core Middle Eastern country. The ingredients used should be of good quality, the chef should be Arabic and recipes of the Basha restaurant should be authentic Arabic recipes. The cuisines served should be fresh and should be served in the most unique manner by the restaurant staff. Presentation of the cuisines should be highly appealing attractive. Customers are paying a premium price at Basha and so they should be entertained with the best Arabic cuisines in town. Basha wants its market share to increase and also the number of customers should make repeat visits in the restaurant. The staff should be well aware of all the Arabic cuisines being served in the restaurant

Online examination system Essay Example for Free

Online examination system Essay Symmetric key length, public-key key length, comparing symmetric and public-key key length, Key Management: (3 Lectures) Generating keys, transferring keys, verifying keys, using keys, updating keys, storing keys, compromised keys, lifetime of keys, destroying keys, public key management, Algorithm Types and Modes: (10 Lecture) Electronic codebook mode, block replay, cipher block chaining mode, stream ciphers, cipher-feedback mode, output feedback mode, choosing a cipher mode, block ciphers vs. tream ciphers, Choosing an Algorithm, Choosing an algorithm, public-key vs. symmetric cryptography, encrypting communication channels, encrypting data for storage, Security Models, Windows, Linux, Web, Cookies, Biometrics (gummy fingers), Tempest, Viruses, Firewalls, System/Comprehensive Security Analysis Text Book/s – Stallings, W and Brown, L. , Computer Security: principles and practice, 2nd edition, 2011 Reference Material – – William Stallings, Cryptography and Network Security, 4th Edition, 2005, ISBN-13: 978-0131873162 Kaufman, Perlman, Speciner, Network Security: Private Communication in a Public World, 2nd Edition, Prentice Hall, 2002, ISBN-13: 978-0130460196 – Other books will be used in the course if necessary. Department Of Computer Science Information Technology, HIC Jauharabad Campus Instructional Aids/Resources Assessment Criteria Class Assessment 35% Quizzes and Test 15 Assignment and Presentations 10 Attendance and Class Participations 5 Assignments + Quizzes Mid 25% If Required: Final 40% If Required: Total 100%.

I Love Those Lips, But Those Lips Belong to Another :: Personal Narrative, essay about myself

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Recently I came across two arches. They were alive and in constant motion. First they told me life might get interesting. Then they showed me that life was going to get really good. Then after leaving me with an odd sense of power, they said bye, now life is sad. Its movements resembled that of a shape-shifter: causing the creation of circles, ellipses, and a mixture of feelings. These were the actions of a pair of lips belonging to a vision of beauty.    When I first saw them they were in their top form. They gave me a smile. The execution of the smile forced the bottom arch to push from the top corners upwards on to the upper arch. Consequentially, they caused my lips to do the same. The intensity was light but was still able to cause the words "nice to meet you" to float into my mind and back into hers. The smile, though light, wasn't like the ones that are often in response to a frivolous or corny joke, accompanied by a lack of energy. It was a creation of a divine entity: maybe God, maybe a god, or maybe a master painter. They were almost frozen together, the lower mimicking the slow rise of the upper one, gaining strength from the power of my stare. The smile became larger. Was I the only one who noticed?    It was musical and soothing. The smile was her rhythmic way of singing "Smile, darn ya smile"i. There could be nothing more uplifting than Sammy Davis Jr. telling you the "...world is a great world after all..." with his foot tapping action in the background. I guess she did not mean this world because her smile was causing my temporary lapse into another. This was how she planned to make my "...life worth while." She, like Sammy, knew that there was a great attachment between the smile and joy. That smile was going to tell the world that nothing could hold you back, the world would halt just to admire the stride of confidence. That smile knew a lot. It was able to impart a wonderful concept without any words or any movements. Now rich with new knowledge I realized that she could have given me no greater gift.    I was amazed by the dynamic evolution of the arches in what seemed to be hours.

Native Americans in the United States and Patrick J. Buchanan Essay

In the introduction, Patrick J. Buchanan notes that Queen Elizabeth II went to the settlement of Jamestown in 2007, the town’s 400th anniversary. The Queen had been there before, when Jamestown was founded and again in 1957. Buchanan uses the Queens visit to Jamestown as a firsthand experience of how much has changed in Jamestown since its founding. He quotes the Queen, â€Å"Since I visited Jamestown in 1957, my country has become a much more diverse society just as the Commonwealth of Virginia and the whole of the United States of America have also undergone a major social change. † Buchanan mentions how different not only Jamestown was 400 years ago but also how different her citizens were. For example, the citizens massacred Native Americans and enslaved Africans. Jamestown was not yet built around the ideas of democracy and equality. The American Revolution was another key example; it was fought for freedom and distance from Britain and not for equality. The only persons of power at the time were rich white men. Buchanan makes the point that America 400 years ago was not based around democracy, equality and diversity, so why should we value that in the present? In 1957 the Queen visited Jamestown, Virginia. The changes noted by the Queen were extreme. â€Å"Virginia has indeed become a radically changed society. No longer does Richmond proudly call herself the Capital of the Confederacy. Lee-Jackson Day is out. Martin Luther King Day is in. The Confederate flag flies nowhere. † This demonstrates how much can change in 350 years. Buchanan believes that 2007 Virginia is ashamed of 1957 Virginia, and the state should be proud of who she was in 1607. America in 1607 was did not celebrate diversity or multicultural beliefs, so why should they now? Buchanan describes early American settlers as having an â€Å"us-or-them† sentiment. For example, the early settlers thought that their Christian faith made them superior beings and those who opposed them were inferior. Another point that Buchanan makes is when other culture such as Native American, African, or Spanish cultures were introduced to Americans they were not only rejected, but fought against in a violent manner. In 2007 Virginia culture and diversity is not only welcomed, but celebrated. Buchanan believes that this is not what the Founding Fathers of America had in mind during the creation of our country. In his concluding thoughts, Buchanan remarks that America is a changing nation especially in the areas of diversity, democracy and equality. No longer is religion taught in schools, and with it dies the beliefs that founded this nation.

A Letter Concerning the Tuition Fee Increase in the Campus Essay

This academic year in our school had been very exciting and full of learning for the students. The school had been efficient enough in providing us the quality education that students’ need in preparation of their future careers. However it had been a serious issue in the campus among us, students, the continued increase in our tuition and other fees.   Students see, that in order to escalate further the quality of education in our school, the school has to face strenuous modifications in technology, books, and other school facilities. However, there would always a need for students to be consulted first about the issue, because these matters would always concern us. Along with the increase in the tuition fee is the increase in all other fees. Why? First, if the school would not fight for a greater state subsidy, then the school had to pay for the bills, the salary as well as to the technology and materials it would employed. With this matter, the budget would come from the tuition of the students and everything else would be increased; Internet fee, laboratory fee, school paper, etc. Second, education is supposed to be a right and not just a privilege, but with the continued increase in the tuition fee, along with other miscellaneous fees in the campus, there had been an apparent decline in the enrollment rate compared to the previous years. This only shows that few students were able to access the right to education because of the increase. Hence, there is a significant relationship between tuition fee increase and to the limited access of students to education (Dalton 2006). A similar study from the Rand Corporation in 1995 indicated that for every 10percent increase in the tuition fee of the students, there would be a 1.97 percent in the enrollment of the focus of study. Third, the effect of tuition fee and other fee increases would be felt less by those of the middle class brackets. Most of the burden would be felt by those in the lower class; usually with among black and with ethnic backgrounds. Accordingly, majority of the students in most schools were usually coming from the lower bracket and they were the ones who were greatly affected. The school is the only way for these students to move to the next ladder in the society. The tendencies for these students are to dropout or to transfer to a cheaper school with low educational standards. Needless to say, the educational preparation that they got is not enough to equip them for a high paying job in the future. The tuition fee increase that the school implemented is a subtle permit for the state to less care for the educational welfare of its citizens. Students are wary of the fact, that because of the tuition fee increase, we have to burden ourselves with part time jobs more than double just to compensate for the shortage in budget. Students recognized that tuition fee increase in needed to uplift the educational quality in this school. However, it is too fast and too soon to implement. Students are not prepared yet; emotionally, physically and financially.   There was no consultation in the increase in fees. It had always been our right to know and the responsibility for this school to be transparent. The students carried the baggage of financial hardship just to beautify the school, but the education that we got before then was still the same as now. Except of course in slight innovations in the laboratory facilities and in technology, the same education system we got from the school. If tuition fee increase is really bound to happen, we wanted to be prepared for it. We wanted an apparent positive change in the learning that we got; of course it is not to say that we got no learning from this school, it is just that, the change in learning is just minimal. This school has been our battleground to combat poverty, to uplift our situations and to gain learning. If the school is to increase its tuition fee and other fees, we expect that it would also provide subsidy through scholarship, or other alternative solutions to augment our financial difficulties. As well as it is the responsibility of our parents to finance our education; it is also the responsibility of the state to provide to its people the right to education. But how could we get this if tour very right has now become a mere privilege. The sad fact is, not the privilege of the majority but of the few only.   If we are destined to suffer from the tuition fee and other fee increases, would it be right that we would also demand great changes in everything. Would the payment that we give, be enough for us to pose subordinate command over our instructors and over other employees; anyway, we paid for them. Students believe, that in this school, students of characters should be made and not just a mere passive, technologically dependent ones. We need support to develop our minds, which is the role of this school. But where would we go now if this school would deprive us of that need? We seek to be consulted first, we need data of its great benefits on us, and we need alternatives for the increase that is accessible for everybody and not only for the few. Sincerely, [Name of the Sender] [Position/Occupation] Works Cited Dalton, McGuinty. â€Å"Canandian Federation of students.† 8 March 2006

The Effects of the American Correctional Policy

The Effects of the American Correctional Policy Evidence-Based Correction: Definition and Significance Before going any further, it is necessary to introduce the phenomenon of evidence-based correction. Evidence-based correction is defined as a system in which â€Å"data, not mere opinions [†¦] play the central role in guiding allegiance to any given correctional theory† (MacKenzie, 2012, p. 1).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Effects of the American Correctional Policy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In a nutshell, the phenomenon of evidence-based correction can be nailed down as the legal system in which evidence plays the pivoting role in not only determining the amount of punishment, but also checking whether the criminal is paying his/her debt to the society. Opposed to the traditional system of penalties, the given system presupposes certain element of redemption at best and paying the debt to society at the very least: â€Å"the treatment of criminals by society is for the protection of society† (Wines, 1871, p. 541). The significance of evidence-based correction appears to be quite high. The idea that the effects of traditional strategies and everyday correction procedures can be enhanced and increased several times is truly astounding; however, with the help of evidence-based corrections, the given effect is attainable. Since social scientific techniques are utilized in the course of an evidence-based correction in order to study and improve correction procedures, considerable improvement of correctional methodology can be expected, which means that the quality and efficacy of the procedures will increase in geometrical progression. The fact that the available resources are utilized fully in the process is also important. Because of the fast pace of correctional procedures, in most cases, the potential of most of the resources remains unlocked.Advertising Looking for essay on criminal law? Let's see i f we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More With the application of evidence-based corrections, however, one will be able to use the existing resources fully, wherein the significance of evidence-based correction lies. In addition, the given approach helps define further avenues of addressing the problem in question. Justice Model for Correction: The Time Personal Change Has Come A justice model for correction is a specific method that is aimed at turning the criminal into a regular member of society. Though often being referred to as a wholesome concept, a justice model is represented by its numerous modifications. First, there is the rehabilitation model, which presupposes that each criminal is supposed to undergo a process of personal change and is only viable in case the crime was committed under specific circumstances, and in no case involved the freedom of choice between the right and the wrong action: When the rights given to criminals are seen as a major obstacle in the state’s quest to guard the lives and material possessions of the public, conservatives have maintained a more fundamental reason as to why [†¦] criminals should be rehabilitated and not punished. (Cullen, Gilbert, 1982, pp. 95–96) The efficacy of the given model can be argued. Although the tradition of persuading people to lead the lives of law-abiding citizens did appear to be efficient at the time that it was used, keeping people away from crossing the law by appealing to their fear cannot be considered the best way to convince them to follow the letter of the law, even though the â€Å"links between sanction risk perceptions and behavior† (Nagin, 1998, p. 5) are obvious. On the one hand, the model brought quite fruitful results; on the other hand, â€Å"prisons do increase recidivism† (Gendreau, Goggin, 2000, p. 308).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Effects of the American Correctiona l Policy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, it can be assumed that prisons have a certain deterrent effect, yet recycling this effect to shape people’s behavior and reduce crime rates seems unreasonable. Empirical Evidence of Deterrent Theory: Proving the Point In contrast to the rehabilitation theory, the theory of deterrence is based solely on people’s fear of getting punished. A similar approach was used by colonists in the XVIII century: â€Å"For those who failed to be discouraged by corporal punishment, the colonists displayed no reluctance to resort to surer means to deal with these sinful creatures [†¦]† (Cullen Gilbert, 1982, p. 47). An alternative to the rehabilitation method, it should also be given a proper mentioning as rather efficient method, which has quite short shelf life, though. As it has been stressed above, the idea of punishment following a crime serves as a powerful mans to keep peo ple away from wrongdoing. The way in which deterrence theory works, though, raises a few questions, To start with, the mechanisms of the given method are quite obscure; it is hard to figure out whether people are afraid of the imprisonment following the crime Incapacitation Effects of Prison: The Circle Has Closed As it has been stressed, ideally, justice system must be based on the legal principles that allow for not only punishing a criminal, but also helping the latter mend his ways. However, prisons do not always work this way. Such â€Å"correctional quackery† (Latessa, Cullen, Gendreau, 2002, p. 43) is, unfortunately, not rare. The given method, however, is justified by the rational choice theory, with its â€Å"cost oriented† (Cullen, Pratt, Miceli, Moon, 2002, p. 285) approach.Advertising Looking for essay on criminal law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to the results of the researchconducted by Petersilia and Turner, the experiment carried out by the RAND Corporation, which tested the efficacy of ISPs, or Intensive Surveillance Programs, returned rather unexpected results. Tested in 14 jurisdictions in nine states (Petersilia Turner, 1993, p. 281). Despite the fact that several types of programs were used in the course of the experiment, such as â€Å"prison diversion† and â€Å"enhancement programs† (Petersilia Turner, 1993, p. 281), Petersilia and Turner prefer an umbrella term of ISP in their study. Objectivity is the key asset of the latter; the researchers clearly intend to provide an unbiased result and comment on the efficacy of ISP. However, the study seems to lack evidence on the effects of ISP on not only felons, but also minor offenders. It is doubtful that intensive probation and parole may work equally well on a felon and a petty criminal. It should be mentioned, though, that ISP studies date back to the 1960s, when ISP was created as a probation management tool. Therefore, the emphasis was put on the rehabilitation of the convicted, whereas the safety of civilians and punishment were considered secondary goals. However, similar or unimpressively lower rates of arrest rates among the criminals who were supervised in accordance with the ISP principles (Petersilia Turner, 1993) led to the decrease in the ISP significance and use. Get in Touch Movement and Its Efficacy: Evaluation With that being said, the principles of the Get in Touch Movement are still very questionable. Although it is obvious that, when being afraid of the consequences, people are inclined to abide the law and are most likely not dare to cross it, basing the entire idea of following the letter of the law on people’s fear of imprisonment or another type of punishment is ethically wrong, since the given strategy is aimed at changing people’s behavior without changing the factors that induc e the given behavioral patterns. As long as people are controlled by fear and not by the ethical principles, they will always find the way to overcome this fear and find the means to avoid the obstacles set by the legal system. With what Cullen, Wright, and Applegate defined as â€Å"intermediate punishment† (Cullen, Wright, Applegate, 1996, p. 73), the entire justice system can be reinvented. Therefore, a â€Å"new intellectual consensus† (DiJulio, Piehl, 1991, p. 15), is required. References Cullen, F. T., Gilbert, K. E. (1982). The rise of rehabilitation. In Cullen, F. T., Gilbert, K. E. (Eds.), Reaffirming rehabilitation (pp. 45–88). Cincinnati, OH: Anderson Publishing. Cullen, F. T., Gilbert, K. E. (1982). Attacking rehabilitation. In Cullen, F. T., Gilbert, K. E. (Eds.), Reaffirming rehabilitation (pp. 89–149). Cincinnati, OH: Anderson Publishing. Cullen, F. T., Pratt, T. C., Miceli, S. L., Moon, M. M. (2002). Dangerous liason? Rational choic e theory as the basis for correctional intervention. In Piquero, A. R.., Tibbets, S. G., Rational choice and criminal behavior: Recent research and future challenges (pp. 279–296). New York, NY: Routledge. Cullen, F. T., Wright, J. P., Applegate, B. K. (1996). Control in the community: The limits of reform? In Harland, A. T. (Ed.), Choosing correctional interventions that work: defining the demand and evaluating the supply (pp. 69–116). Newbury Park, CA: SAGE. DiJulio, J. J., Jr. Piehl, A. M. (1991). Does prison pay? The Brookings Review 9 (Fall), pp. 28-35. Gendreau, P. Goggin, C. (2000). The effects of community sanctions and incarceration on recidivism. Forum on Corrections research, 12(2), pp. 10–13. Latessa, E. J., Cullen, F. T. Gendreau, P. (2002). Beyond correctional quackery: Professionalism and the possibility of effective treatment. Federal Probation, 66, pp. 43-49. MacKenzie, D. L. (2012). From Theory to Policy: Evidence-Based Corrections. In Cul len, F. T. Jonson, C. L. (Eds.), Correctional theory: Context and consequences (pp. 1–22). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE. Nagin, D. S. (1998). Criminal deterrence research at the outset of the twenty-first century. In M. Tonry (Ed.), Crime and justice: A review of research (Vol. 23) (pp. 1–42). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Petersilia, J. Turner, S. (1993). Intensive probation and parole. In M. Tonry (ed.), Crime and justice: A review of research (vol. 17) (pp. 281-335). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. Wines, E. C. (1871) Declaration on principles adopted promulgated by the Congress. In Wines, E. C., Transactions of the National Congress on penitentiary and reformatory discipline (pp. 514–517). Cincinnati, OH: Weed, Parsons and Company.

Overseas Territories of the United Kingdom

Overseas Territories of the United Kingdom The United Kingdom (UK) is an island nation located in Western Europe. It has a long history of worldwide exploration and it is known for its historic colonies around the world. The UKs mainland consists of the island of Great Britain (England, Scotland,  and Wales) and Northern Ireland. In addition, there are 14 overseas territories of Britain that are remnants of former British colonies. These territories are not officially a part of the UK, as most are self-governing (but they do remain under its jurisdiction). List of British Territories The following is a list of the 14 British Overseas Territories arranged by land area. For reference, their populations and capital cities have also been included. 1. British Antarctic Territory Area: 660,000 square miles (1,709,400 sq km) Population: No permanent population Capital: Rothera 2. Falkland Islands Area: 4,700 square miles (12,173 sq km) Population: 2,955 (2006 estimate) Capital: Stanley 3. South Sandwich and the South Georgia Islands Area: 1,570 square miles (4,066 sq km) Population: 30 (2006 estimate) Capital: King Edward Point 4. Turks and Caicos Islands Area: 166 square miles (430 sq km) Population: 32,000 (2006 estimate) Capital: Cockburn Town 5. Saint Helena, Saint Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha Area: 162 square miles (420 sq km) Population: 5,661 (2008 estimate) Capital: Jamestown 6. Cayman Islands Area: 100 square miles (259 sq km) Population: 54,878 (2010 estimate) Capital: George Town 7. Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia Area: 98 square miles (255 sq km) Population: 14,000 (date unknown) Capital: Episkopi Cantonment 8. The British Virgin Islands Area: 59 square miles (153 sq km) Population: 27,000 (2005 estimate) Capital: Road Town 9. Anguilla Area: 56.4 square miles (146 sq km) Population: 13,600 (2006 estimate) Capital: The Valley 10. Montserrat Area: 39 square miles (101 sq km) Population: 4,655 (2006 estimate) Capital: Plymouth (abandoned); Brades (center of government today) 11. Bermuda Area: 20.8 square miles (54 sq km) Population: 64,000 (2007 estimate) Capital: Hamilton 12. British Indian Ocean Territory Area: 18 square miles (46 sq km) Population: 4,000 (date unknown) Capital: Diego Garcia 13. Pitcairn Islands Area: 17 square miles (45 sq km) Population: 51 (2008 estimate) Capital: Adamstown 14. Gibraltar Area: 2.5 square miles (6.5 sq km) Population: 28,800 (2005 estimate) Capital: Gibraltar

Analyse the policies of the European Union in broadcasting. Include in Essay

Analyse the policies of the European Union in broadcasting. Include in your answer some reflection on why transnational broadcasting has largely failed in Europe - Essay Example Various diversities such as linguistic, cultural, social, economical and religious , often challenge the smooth functioning of broadcasting. European Broadcasting Union have developed and followed a policy that ensures human rights especially the freedom of opinion and expression. One can find that it gives more emphasis on the protection of fundamental values such as cooperation, solidarity and tolerance. Transnational broadcasting system is a new trend of global audio visual markets. Transnational broadcasting system largely failed in Europe because of various reasons such as, economical, linguistic competition, relationship between channels and publishers, and technological developments. Economical, linguistic competition, relationship between channels and publishers, and technological developments influence the process of transitional broadcasting system. As a result of the existing broadcasting policy European Union have changed their broadcasting methods especially, the implementation of digital broadcasting which has provided a new phase. Under new broadcasting policy all European broadcasters are expected to convey their services on both analogue and digital platform. The existing audio and visual broadcasting policy is highly helpful to European countries in its social, cultural and economic development. Paula Chakravartty, Katharine Sarikakis state that; â€Å"In the case of broadcasting policy, debates about culture and identity ,function around claims for the recognition of difference in contrast to the universalizing tendencies of the market.† (Chakravartthy & Sarikakis 2006, p.87). The new broadcasting strategy will support the construction and allocation of European employment and it will change the social and economic scenario. The book entitled Broadcasting in the European Union: the role of public interest in†¦ provides valuable information about the advantages of new broadcasting policy to the

Watch the movie, The Color Purple, and write a one-page paper Movie Review

Watch the , The Color Purple, and write a one-page paper analyzing the historical accuracy of the film - Movie Review Example The setting shows a point in time when the black women faced oppression their black husbands. The reason behind the oppression is the frustration caused to their husbands by the whites who discriminated against them. Walker who is the writer of the script builds the woman character in the movie from a physical and psychologically abused perspective to an independent and strong person. Walker represents a period in which she was a victim of oppression and she became a feminist fighting for the rights of women at this time though his writings of novels and poems. In conclusion, the movie accurately represents a period during which the oppression of the women more especially the black Americans was on the rise. During the time of the movies, the women were in slavery and this is shown through the effort of all the female characters to find liberation. The women are inferior to men and they have are prone to sexual, physical and psychological

Globalization and international migration Essay

Globalization and international migration - Essay Example The object of analysis for the purpose of this assignment is globalisation that can be defined as the spread and interconnectedness of the relationships of people, cultures and economic activities globally. Economic globalisation, in particular, is the spread and interconnectedness of technologies, production and communication. A similar description of globalisation is given by Giddens who states that globalisation is the intensification of global social relations that join or link distant localities in a manner that happenings in the local area are shaped by events taking place thousands of miles away even as local happenings shape the events that take place thousands of miles away. International migration, on the other hand, simply refers the movement of people across international borders, either within a region or overseas/across continents. In the contemporary world, international migration is a core aspect of globalization. However, it is evident that international migration is rarely considered in the current discussions of globalisation, and even if it is, the debate is limited to a residual category. This shows that the contribution made by migration globally in the intensification of relations in the fields of labor and economic activities, cultural affairs and values, and social and political links has been ignored. International migration is a central factor in the achievement of economic, social, political, and cultural transformation, their spread and interconnectedness.... Many countries also trace their experiences of economic, social, political and cultural transformations and interconnectedness to the colonial and post colonial times. Colonisation involved massive international migration where the colonialists moved to various parts of Africa and America conquering societies and colonising them. In some cases, it also involved forced labour migration in the form of slave trade. Although many of the colonised nations suffered at these times, colonisation can be said to have been crucial in bringing about globalisation in these areas, which led to drastic, economic, socio-cultural and political changes in them. At these times, the colonial governments helped to establish important transnational networks which facilitated the flow of labour, goods, finance, technologies ideas, and practices between the colonies, the colonisers and other political establishments. In respect to the above discussions, the present scenario of globalisation is paradoxical. Currently, the world is interconnected more than ever. Technological, trade and financial flows have been liberalised, but contrastingly, the mobility of individuals across borders runs up against the stringiest ever barriers which restrict it. Tapinos and Delaunay (48) observe that international migration seems to be completely excluded from the current globalization process. This exclusion is the greatest contrast between the new trends in the global economy and the two great previous globalization periods. By leaving out the factor of human mobility, this narrow view of globalization raises a threefold question of economic efficacy, ethics, political realism, and the question relating to the long-term sustainability of the world development

Principles of Sterilisation in Microbiology

Principles of Sterilisation in Microbiology Moist and dry heat How are microorganisms destroyed by moist heat? By dry heat? Moist: Destroys the structure and organisms by destroying with heat. The combination of steam and pressure, the temperature is usually 121 °C and 15 lbs. per inch for thirty minutes. Dry: Kills organisms using oxidation methods. Most resistant of the spores requires a temperature of 121 °C for around two hours Are some microorganisms more resistant to heat than others? Why? Endospores are extremely resistant to heat because they have a tougher coat and a low moisture content. Additionally, they have a large amount of calcium and dipicolinic acid that helps to protect them from heat. Is moist heat more effective than dry heat? Why? The National Library of Medicine states, â€Å"Moist heat penetrates faster than dry heat† (Medicine, 2015). Moist heat penetrates the molecules, additionally, the water molecules conduct heat much better than air. Why does dry heat require higher temperatures for longer time periods to sterilize than does moist heat? Because water is a better conductor than air, therefore the dry heat does not penetrate as well. What is the relationship of time to temperature in heat sterilization? Explain. Basically the higher the temperature the less time needed. The autoclave Define the principles of sterilization with an autoclave and with a dry heat oven. An autoclave sterilizes using high pressurized steam heat that is made by high temperature boiling water and pressure. The steam vibrations destroy the microorganisms. Judelson states, â€Å"Autoclaving generally involves heating in saturated steam under a pressure of approximately 15 psi, to achieve a chamber temperature of a least 121 °C (250 °F)—but industry, other combinations of time and temperature are sometimes used† (Judelson, 2015). Dry heat ovens subject the microorganisms to high temperatures and destroy the bacteria’s by drying them out and basically sterilizing them from the outside to the inside by heat and no water. Unlike an autoclave which is one piece of equipment, dry heat can include a hot air oven, incineration, radiation, microwave, Bunsen burner and flaming. What pressure, temperature, and time are used in routine autoclaving? With the combination of steam and pressure, the temperature is usually at 121 °C and 15 lbs. per inch for thirty minutes (Kenneth Todar, 2015). What factors determine the time period necessary for steam-pressure sterilization? Dry-heat oven sterilization? The combination of temperature and time are what decides the actual time. Accordint to Mazhar Hussain, â€Å"The thermal death time is the time required to kill all the bacteria in a particular culture at a specified temperature. Both TDP and TDT are useful guidelines that indicate the severity of treatment required to kill a given population of bacteria† (Hussian, 2015). With dry heat the materials play an important factor. Why is it necessary to use bacteriologic controls to monitor heat- sterilization techniques? They are necessary to ensure that the autoclave is working properly and efficiently. They are place throughout the autoclave to ensure a complete testing of the autoclave. When running an endospore control of autoclaving technique, why is one endospore preparation incubated without heating? The control is used to ensure that the spores are destroyed effectively and that there are no problems with the machine. Primary media for isolation of microorganisms Define a differential medium and discuss its purpose. Morello taught us that a differential media has one or more components that are used by some types of microorganisms and yet not others. (Morello, Granato, Morton, 2013) This a will allow an individual to tell the differences of a colony based on the colonies characteristics (i.e. shape, color or pattern). Define a selective medium and describe its uses. Selective media choses one type of microorganisms and then suppresses the others while not inhibiting their ability to actually grow. MacConkey’s agar would be a selective media as it selects gram negative bacteria and yet inhibits gram positive bacteria. Why is MacConkey agar selective as well as differential? According to Austin Community College, â€Å"MacConkey Agar (MAC) is a selective and differential medium designed to isolate and differentiate enterics based on their ability to ferment lactose, by using bile salts and crystal violet inhibit the growth of Gram positive organisms and lactose provides a source of fermentable carbohydrate, allowing for differentiation† (ACC, 2015). Why is blood agar useful as a primary isolation medium? Blood agar would be a differential media because of its ability to destroy hemoglobin and red blood cells. What is the major difference between Modified Thayer-Martin (MTM) and chocolate agar? When would you use MTM rather than chocolate agar? Modified Thayer-Martin is a selective medium that is for gram negative microorganisms that has both a medium and antibiotics, whereas chocolate agar is a non-selective medium. Modified Thayer-Martin is only used when the culture ordered is from the genital area or for sexually transmitted diseases, whereas chocolate is used for many different types of cultures. Metabolic activities of bacteria What is the color of phenol red at an acid pH? Yellow is the color below 7.0 pH. What is the function of a Durham tube? A Durham tube contains a small inverted tube that is used for trapping the gasses that are formed when the broth inside is incubated. (Morello, Granato, Morton, 2013) Why is iodine used to detect starch hydrolysis? When the iodine dissolves with a solution of potassium, it will to turn a purple or blackish color due to the interaction with starch. How is indole produced in SIM medium? How is it detected? Hardy Diagnostics states, â€Å"The ingredients in SIM Medium enable the determination of three activities by which enteric bacteria can be differentiated; sodium thiosulfate and ferrous ammonium sulfate are indicators of hydrogen sulfide production and the ferrous ammonium sulfate reacts with H2S gas to produce ferrous sulfide, a black precipitate, additionally the casein peptone is rich in tryptophan, which is attacked by certain microorganisms resulting in the production of indole† (Diagnostics, 2015). Following the incubation period, the indole is detected with the addition of the reagents. Therefore the detection of the motility is due to the semisolid nature of the medium. How is hydrogen sulfide demonstrated in this medium? The hydrogen sulfide is detected after the production of ferrous sulfide when ferrous ammonium sulfate has reacted with H2S gas. What is the advantage of viewing mold structures in a transparent tape preparation? Southern University of Illinois states, â€Å"The advantage of transparent tape preparation is it allows the fungal structures to be viewed without disrupting the characteristics of their morphology† (Illinois, 2015) What fungus can be identified reliably by using the germ tube test? Morello taught us that â€Å"Candida albicans is the most common yeast found using the germ test and is an important cause of human infection† (Morello, Granato, Morton, 2013) Name three stains or reagents that may be used to facilitate the microscopic detection of fungi in clinical samples. Potassium hydroxide Calcofluor white India Ink Wright, Giemsa, or Diff-Quikstains Gram stain What is the main advantage of using the slide culture technique for identifying molds? It is a fast way to prepare, identify and examine fungal colonies. It makes it easier to study with little disturbances. According to Amrita, â€Å"Fungi are identified mostly by close examination of its morphology and the characteristics it possess† (Amrita, 2015). What is an opportunistic pathogen? Name three fungal specimens. It is a pathogen that takes advantage of an individual that has a compromised immunity system. Candidiasis, Apergillosis and Cryptococcosis Protozoa and animal parasites Describe the basic structures of protozoa. Can these same structures be seen in bacteria using a light microscope? The structure of protozoa is a single celled organisms with a true nucleus with chromosomes and surrounded by a membranous envelope. Additionally, Professor Anderson of Columbia University states, â€Å"They also have other internal cellular structures known as organelles that perform the many physiological functions needed to maintain the life of the organism and these organelles include mitochondria that break down nutrient molecules during respiration to produce energy for the cell† (Anderson, 2015). Are any parasitic diseases directly communicable from person to person? If so, how are they transmitted? What kinds of precautions should be taken in caring for persons with directly transmissible parasitic infections? Yes, but most have to have a host to be transferred. Lice for and an example is a parasite that can jump from one individual to another. Additionally, if someone is infected and does not use proper cleaning/washing of hands they can introduce a parasite through the preparation of food. Washing of hands and using precautionary techniques is the best way to prevent the contamination or spreading of parasites. What parasitic forms can be seen in the feces of a patient with hookworm? Eggs can be seen in hookworm, Eggs and body parts can be seen in tapeworm, in cryptosporidiosis the parasite can be seen, in trichinosis, the doctor will look for the antibodies of the roundworm. (Merck, 2015) What parasitic forms can be seen in the blood of a patient with African sleeping sickness? Filariasis? Amebiasis? In the blood of an individual with African sleeping sickness, the T. b. rhodesiense parasites can be found. In Filariasis, According to The Center for Disease Control (CDC), â€Å"The adult worms only live in the human lymph system† (CDC, 2015). For Amebiasis The Center for Disease Control also states that, â€Å"Diagnosis can be difficult because other parasites can look very similar toE. histolyticawhen seen under a microscope† (CDC, 2015), but the cysts can be seen in the stools/feces of an infected person. What is meant by the â€Å"life cycle† of a parasite? What importance does it have to those who take care of patients with parasitic diseases? The life cycle depends on the parasite, there are stages, the parasite infects a host, feeds off of the host and lays eggs. Sometimes the eggs hatch and sometimes the y turn into cysts. The eggs, cysts and sometimes parts of the body are then transferred out of the body through fecal matter, or sometimes infected blood. When this happens they then go onto the next host and the cycle repeats. The main importance is protection and cleanliness. Proper use of protective wear and then washing of the hands and any surfaces that may have been contaminated are the primary rules for the containment of spreading parasites. References ACC, A. C. (2015, January 13). Retrieved from http://www.austincc.edu/microbugz/macconkey_agar.php Amrita, U. o. (2015, January 13). Amrita. Retrieved from http://amrita.vlab.co.in/?sub=3brch=76sim=693cnt=2 Anderson, P. (2015, January 13). Retrieved from protozoa.uga.edu/education/students/for_students_sop_web_ora CDC. (2015, January 13). Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/lymphaticfilariasis/ Diagnostics, H. (2015, January 13). Retrieved from https://catalog.hardydiagnostics.com/cp_prod/Content/hugo/SIMMedium.htm Hussian, M. (2015, January 12). Retrieved from http://microbiologyon-line.blogspot.com/2009_08_02_archive.html Illinois, S. U. (2015, January 13). Retrieved from http://www.siue.edu/~cbwilso/250myco1_032.htm Judelson, H. (2015, January 8). Retrieved from http://oomyceteworld.net/protocols/autoclave operation.pdf Kenneth Todar, P. (2015, January 8). Retrieved from http://textbookofbacteriology.net/control.html Medicine, N. L. (2015, January 12). Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3808259/ Merck. (2015, January 13). Retrieved from http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/infections/parasitic_infections/hookworm_infection.html Morello, J., Granato, P., Morton, V. (2013). , Paul Granato, and Verna Morton. In Microbiology: Applications to Patient Care, 11th Editio (p. 111). McGraw-Hill.

The Fight That Will Never End Essay -- essays research papers fc

The Fight That Will Never End Abstract   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In this paper I will be exploring and explaining the act of abortion. I will discuss the historical and analytical background by explaining pre Row versus Wade, and post Row versus Wade. I will be explaining this issue on a National level, and discuss how women’s role in society has changed dramatically since the famous trial. Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Abortion is the act of ending a pregnancy, either through surgery or by taking medication, with the intention not to have an infant born alive. Because many people believe that abortion should be legal under certain circumstances, it has been a topic of great debate and controversy throughout the nation. The most historic case to ever argue the issue was Roe versus Wade; the trial that legalized abortion in the United States of America. It was this very decision made by the Supreme Court that opened the door to the greater feminist movement, giving women more freedom and control of their bodies, in the workplace, and in their own households. In this paper, I will explain the famous case, the courts decision, and the impact it had, and still holds over society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Historical Background Geographically speaking, abortion is a huge issue not only in the United States of America, but also all over the world. It is vastly different however, because several countries allow abortion without it being a national issue. America has had many court cases and appeals to obtain the law it has today. I am explaining abortion internationally with a Maco level of analysis, giving a broad overview of different countries policies. I have decided to tighten my focus, and explain abortion Nationally with a Micro level of analysis because abortion in America is an issue of huge controversy. It has been such an issue in the past, as well as now, that it took the Supreme Court to make a decision that everyone must abide by, without restricting women of their rights (Schoen 2000).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Abortion in the United States is a subject of public debate. Opinion polls show that most people think abortion should be legal. Thes... ... the matter, this fight will never end.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Works Cited 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Carlton, Casey and Eileen S. Coleman. 2000. â€Å"College Students’ Attitude Toward Abortion and Commitment to Abortion.† The social Science Journal v.37(4): 619-25. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Schoen, Johanna. 2000. â€Å"Reconceiving Abortion: Medical Practice,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Women’s Access, and Feminist Policies Before and After Roe v.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Wade.† Feminist Studies, summer 2000, pp 349-376. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2000. â€Å"The Enduring Battle Over Choice.† New York Times, October   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  11, 2000, pp. A34. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2001. â€Å"Free Speech Can Be Ugly.† San Francisco Chronicle, March   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  30, 2001, pp. A24. 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Retrieved November 21, 2001 from the World Wide Web: http://www.gargaro.com/abortion.html 6.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Retrieved November 29, 2001 from the World Wide Web: http://www.prochoice.com/ The Fight That Will Never End Essay -- essays research papers fc The Fight That Will Never End Abstract   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In this paper I will be exploring and explaining the act of abortion. I will discuss the historical and analytical background by explaining pre Row versus Wade, and post Row versus Wade. I will be explaining this issue on a National level, and discuss how women’s role in society has changed dramatically since the famous trial. Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Abortion is the act of ending a pregnancy, either through surgery or by taking medication, with the intention not to have an infant born alive. Because many people believe that abortion should be legal under certain circumstances, it has been a topic of great debate and controversy throughout the nation. The most historic case to ever argue the issue was Roe versus Wade; the trial that legalized abortion in the United States of America. It was this very decision made by the Supreme Court that opened the door to the greater feminist movement, giving women more freedom and control of their bodies, in the workplace, and in their own households. In this paper, I will explain the famous case, the courts decision, and the impact it had, and still holds over society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Historical Background Geographically speaking, abortion is a huge issue not only in the United States of America, but also all over the world. It is vastly different however, because several countries allow abortion without it being a national issue. America has had many court cases and appeals to obtain the law it has today. I am explaining abortion internationally with a Maco level of analysis, giving a broad overview of different countries policies. I have decided to tighten my focus, and explain abortion Nationally with a Micro level of analysis because abortion in America is an issue of huge controversy. It has been such an issue in the past, as well as now, that it took the Supreme Court to make a decision that everyone must abide by, without restricting women of their rights (Schoen 2000).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Abortion in the United States is a subject of public debate. Opinion polls show that most people think abortion should be legal. Thes... ... the matter, this fight will never end.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Works Cited 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Carlton, Casey and Eileen S. Coleman. 2000. â€Å"College Students’ Attitude Toward Abortion and Commitment to Abortion.† The social Science Journal v.37(4): 619-25. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Schoen, Johanna. 2000. â€Å"Reconceiving Abortion: Medical Practice,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Women’s Access, and Feminist Policies Before and After Roe v.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Wade.† Feminist Studies, summer 2000, pp 349-376. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2000. â€Å"The Enduring Battle Over Choice.† New York Times, October   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  11, 2000, pp. A34. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2001. â€Å"Free Speech Can Be Ugly.† San Francisco Chronicle, March   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  30, 2001, pp. A24. 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Retrieved November 21, 2001 from the World Wide Web: http://www.gargaro.com/abortion.html 6.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Retrieved November 29, 2001 from the World Wide Web: http://www.prochoice.com/

Case study: Andrew Ryan at VC Brakes Essay

1. Analyze the effectiveness of the approach to change taken at VC Brakes. 2. Was Andrew Ryan effective? What could he have done differently? 3. Should Ryan stay at VC Brakes and continue to help with the TQM initiative? If so, what should he do differently? The approach taken was the right thing to do and in my opinion was well planned. The fact that it didn’t work out however means that it wasn’t the right fit for the organizational culture of VC Brakes. If VC Brakes had no division between the engineers and the rest of the operations I believe the approach would have provided successful results. Andrew Ryan was effective in his original endeavors as the senior manager of the engineering services (ES) team. However I think this question is referring to his task of implementing TQM into VC Brakes, so in that regard no he was not effective. Although TQM had great values Ryan was unable to break the divider between management and lower level employees to make progress wi th TQM. Lower level employees were said to have some creative and (in my opinion) easy to fix ideas on current operations. For example the box cutters that were standard were said to not be up to par. Although upper management didn’t change the box cutters out for new ones originally Ryan could have told upper management to change the box cutters simply as a way to get employees on board with the idea of implementing TQM. If Ryan had exhausted his efforts to make the change happen internally, he could have went out and bought new box cutters himself and said that upper management heard to voice of the people and responded. Box cutters aren’t very expensive and this action would have shown leadership to upper management, and would have most likely shown lower level employees to give TQM circles more effort. If Ryan was unwilling to purchase the box cutters himself, he could have had the simple idea to allow the employees bring in their own box cutters to solve the problem altogether. If the company had some restriction against this idea of bringing cutters from home Ryan should do his best to explain once again that this is bigger than the box cutters, it’s about progressing forward as a whole company working together.

Shoulder Surgery and the Athlete

For many competitive and/or professional athletes, injury is unforeseeable and in some cases, the decision to continue on with their sport comes into question. More specifically, for those athletes who have developed, or even, were born with instable shoulders and have undergone physical therapy, are inevitably plagued with the notion, when therapy fails to work, to either have surgery to fix their shoulder(s) and to continue participating in their sport, or to quit their sport. In this sense, for the athletes who want to carry on in their sport, it appears that an open or arthroscopic Bankart Repair is the most plausible solution in correcting on-going shoulder instability in athletes who have not improved through therapy and want to continue with their sport. In competitive or professional athletes, a stable shoulder is imperative for peak performance, especially for those athletes involved in sports that use persistent overhead motions, such as swimming, or throwing a baseball. In understanding a stable shoulder, the shoulder is a joint that contains three primary bones: the shoulder blade, or scapula, the collarbone, or clavicle, and the upper arm bone, also known as the humerus. In addition, the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (2001), dictate that the head of the humerus bone (the humeral head) rests in a shallow socket within the shoulder blade called the glenoid and is held into the socket by the lining of the joint called the capsule. Moreover, the humeral head is quite larger than that of the socket, and a soft fibrous tissue rim, known as the labrum, surrounds the socket, which helps keep the joint stabilized (Shoulder joint tear). Furthermore, the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (2001) states the rim in the socket deepens by up to 50 percent, therefore allowing the humeral head to fit better. What’s more is that the rim also serves as an attachment site for several ligaments (Shoulder joint tear). Additionally, the shoulder is referenced as being a ball and socket type joint that permits for a wide range of movement. Although the shoulder joint is intended to be stabilized, in many cases while athletes participate in their sports, they receive injuries to their shoulders that allows for their shoulder(s) to become instable, or even, it has been found that in some competitive athletes who might experience pain whilst enduring continuous overhead motions, may have inherited instable shoulders and have repeatedly gitated the joint. In this sense, it is possible that injuries to the tissue rim that surrounds the socket of the shoulder can occur from acute trauma or repetitive shoulder motion like swimming or throwing and/or pitching, according to the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (2001), (Shoulder joint tear). More so, in its discovery, while the shoulder joint has a wide range of motion, instability can occur when the humeral head moves out of the socket, or glenoid ca vity. The humeral head, considered as the ball portion of the ball and socket joint, â€Å"can move either partially (sublux) or completely (dislocate) out of the socket† (Sports medicine & shoulder surgery). Moreover, the humeral head can sublux or dislocate itself in three different directions: anteriorly, or forward, out of the bottom of the joint (inferior), or backward (posterior). Additionally, with any trauma to a stable shoulder, not only can the humeral head be forcefully dislocated or sublux, but the ligaments, capsule, or labrum can be torn, detached, or stretched from the shoulder bone as well. Conversely, McFarland and Petersen declare that although the humeral head is capable of being put back in place, the ligaments, labrum, or capsule may heal in a stretched or loose position, thus increasing the chance of subluxation or dislocation to occur again (Sports medicine & shoulder surgery). In addition, there are wide ranges of problems that are contributed to shoulder instability that of which can take on many different forms in a competitive athletes shoulder(s). More so, according to Wahl and Slaney (2005), these different factors influence how the shoulder should be treated, nonetheless each of these factors needs to be considered (Arthroscopic shoulder surgery). One of these forms is the severity of the instability where the severity can range anywhere from being subtle, to mild or moderate, or severe. Furthermore, the direction and mechanism of instability can also be a contributing factor. As argued by Wahl and Slaney (2005), with direction, the instability of a shoulder can be due from anterior, posterior, or multi-directional dislocation or subluxation, and in the mechanism of instability, it can either be traumatic or a-traumatic (Arthroscopic shoulder surgery). Furthermore, Wahl and Slaney (2005) have also inquired that when a young athlete suffers from subluxation or dislocation, â€Å"it is statistically likely that they will dislocate again. Studies have shown that when a dislocation occurs in a child with open growth plates, there is up to a 100 percent chance that they will dislocate again. † Additionally, Wahl and Slaney (2005) claim that in young adults, typically under the age of 20, whose growth plates have just begun to close, â€Å"the re-dislocation rate is about 55 percent to 95 percent† (Arthroscopic shoulder surgery). Therefore, it appears that without surgical repair, a young competitive athlete with instable shoulders may endure greater damage to their shoulder joint and develop other problems associated with instability. In those athletes with instable shoulder(s) looking to find the best course of treatment, it appears that in comparison to an open or arthroscopic Bankart Repair, an athlete has only minimal choices in treating their instability. Some of these choices entail the use of anti-inflammatory medications such as Aleve, Naproxen, or simply Advil, modifying the activity that aggravates the injury, physical therapy, which helps increase the muscle strength of the shoulder(s), and/or stopping the activity overall. On the contrary however, for countless competitive athletes, these choices are sometimes not enough, or yet, do not help, and the decision to end their sport is out of the question. With surgery as the remaining option, there are many considerations that first need to be looked into. For example, Matsen and Warme (2008), claim that athletes who should forego surgery will have had experienced persistent occurrences of â€Å"shoulder subluxation or dislocation, who continue to have instability despite an adequate trial of physical therapy† (Bankart Repair). Additionally, Matsen and Warme (2008) state that surgery is also an option for athletes with a-traumatic instability who â€Å"have not responded to a well-conducted rehabilitation program (Bankart repair). Nevertheless, the decision for an open or arthroscopic Bankart Repair is the best solution for athletes with instable shoulders who have sought out alternative treatments, that of which have failed, and wish to continue on with their sport. In shoulder instability surgery, the labrum, which is profoundly damaged, and the ligaments found in the shoulder, are recognized and then repaired back to the glenoid, or socket. More specifically, there are two separate surgical procedures that can be done in rep airing instable shoulder(s). The first procedure entails arthroscopy, which is a closed surgical technique that uses a small camera (an arthroscope) to be inserted through a small incision â€Å"to examine or repair the tissues inside or around the shoulder joint† as described by the Medline Plus Medical Encyclopedia (2007), and the second is an open surgical procedure called an open Bankart Repair. According to Matsen and Warme (2008), an open Bankart Repair â€Å"securely restores the attachment of the labrum and the ligaments to the edge of the glenoid socket† (Bankart repair). Nonetheless, the Bankart procedure re-attaches the torn ligaments of the shoulder to the proper places, allowing for restoration of normal function. In comparing surgery with other treatments, such as physical therapy, anti-inflammatory medications, etc, it has been theorized by numerous Orthopaedic surgeons and as stated above, that with on-going instability in competitive athletes who have undergone other treatments, surgery is the best solution, especially if the athlete does not wish to give up their sport. Matsen and Warme (2008) have asserted that with traumatic anterior shoulder instability, surgical stabilization has been found to have the most dependable results with the use of an open Bankart Repair. Moreover, it has been said that the use of surgery to stabilize the shoulder is the â€Å"most effective method to restore comfort and eliminate the symptoms† (Bankart repair). In addition, Matsen and Warme (2008) also state that repair for frequent traumatic instability has an â€Å"excellent chance of restoring much of the lost comfort and function to the unstable shoulder† (Bankart repair). Furthermore, according to Mahaffey and Smith (1999), it is believed by countless Orthopedic surgeons that the option for surgical repair, whether through arthroscopy or by an open Bankart Repair, should be placed under great consideration for athletes under the age of 25 to prevent any further incidences of â€Å"anterior dislocation and arthritic changes† (Shoulder instability in young athletes). What is more is that Mahaffey and Smith (1999), argued that early arthroscopic surgery represents a change in the approach, where results of studies have illustrated that arthroscopic repair has been beneficial in reducing the rate of recurrent dislocation (Shoulder instability in young athletes). Mahaffey and Smith (1999) also allege that even in athletes engaged in contact sports, â€Å"the incidence of recurrent dislocation is only ten to twenty percent following arthroscopic surgery. Re-dislocation occurs in some athletes, however, about five years after surgery† (Shoulder instability in young athletes). Even more so, Mahaffey and Smith (1999) state that the recurrence of instability after an open Bankart repair is â€Å"three to seven percent,† and â€Å"four to twenty-five percent† with arthroscopic surgery. Additionally, Wahl and Slaney (2005) declare that without surgery, competitive athletes who persistently sublux or dislocate their shoulder(s) on a regular basis, could potentially lose valuable time in their sport, and/or worse: cause permanent damage to their shoulder joint or risk the development of premature arthritis (Arthroscopic shoulder surgery). More so, according to King, he alleged that many studies have displayed that competitive athletes with unstable shoulder(s) or those athletes who have dislocated or sublux their shoulder at a younger age, â€Å"are much more likely to continue to have problems with instability without surgical treatment† (Shoulder instability), which also agrees with earlier references made by Mahaffey and Smith (1999). Moreover, Wahl and Slaney (2005) argue that with the use of medications, when in comparison to surgery, that there have been no medications found that are capable of treating excess instability of the shoulder joint that athletes can develop with frequent dislocation or subluxation. Nevertheless, the only roles that any medication plays with shoulder instability is its capability of masking the pain that coincides with shoulder instability and unrelenting dislocations and to make the athlete more comfortable. What’s more is that with surgery, such as arthroscopic surgery, an Orthopaedic surgeon is able to specifically isolate the contributing factors of instability. These factors can include â€Å"tears of the glenoid socket ‘lip’ (or ‘labrum’), tears of the shoulder capsule and ligaments, bony fractures of the glenoid socket or humeral head, the integrity of the rotator cuff tendons, or excessive laxity or volume of the shoulder capsule† (Arthroscopic shoulder surgery), where other techniques such as physical therapy, works only with the surrounding muscles of the shoulder joint. More so, physical therapy may only help with control of an instable shoulder, and not allow for the shoulder to become completely stabilized. In addition, Matsen and Warme (2008) also asserted that for competitive athletes with traumatic instability, a surgical repair enables an Orthopaedic surgeon to distinctively repair the location of injury, therefore giving the shoulder joint restoration to proper functioning for the athlete. Lastly, according to McFarland and Petersen, they declare that given the options of either modifying the activity that provokes a competitive athletes injury, or subsiding the activity overall, surgical treatment is the better alternative for those individuals â€Å"not willing to give up the activities or sports which provoke their episodes† (Sports medicine & shoulder surgery). Moreover, McFarland and Peterson also state that with surgery, the recurrence of instability â€Å"is low (three to five percent),† which is an agreement with the findings from Mahaffey and Smith (1999). Additionally, Khalfayan claims since a labral tear cannot heal normally and the joint capsule is stretched, surgery is recommended when non-surgical treatment, like physical therapy, is not successful. Furthermore, Khalfayan also emphasizes that with young athletes, â€Å"the risk of re-dislocation can be as high as 90 percent with non-operative treatment. Therefore, in select patients or athletes, surgery may be recommended after a first-time dislocation. The re-dislocation rate after surgery is as low as five percent as compared to as high as 90 percent without surgery† (OPA Ortho). All in all, many competitive and/or professional athletes are prone to, or have inherited, instable shoulder(s) and are repeatedly faced with the decision to either quit their sport or undergo elective surgery if other treatments, such as physical therapy, anti-inflammatory medications, etc, have failed. It is apparent that through much evidence, that an open or arthroscopic Bankart Repair is the most conceivable resolution in correcting on-going shoulder instability in competitive athletes who have not improved through therapy and want to continue with their sport. It has been greatly substantiated that without surgical repair, professional and/or competitive athletes, especially those who are young and still growing, will continue to sublux or dislocate their shoulders and cause greater damage to the shoulder joint itself and even allow for premature arthritis to develop. Nevertheless, surgery is needed for those athletes suffering from instability and who want to continue participating in their sport. By either choosing arthroscopic surgery, or an open Bankart Repair, the use of stabilized shoulders can endure a competitive and/or professional athlete to grow and excel in their sport. References http://www.pamf.org/sports/king/ShoulderInstability.pdf http://www.aafp.org/afp/990515ap/2773.html http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007206.htm http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00426